Shovelnose salamander
Leurognathus marmoratus
 
ITIS Species Code:   550398         NatureServ Element Code:   AAAAD10010
 
Taxa: 
Order: 
Family: 
Amphibia
Caudata
Plethodontidae
NatureServe Global Rank: 
NatureServe State (NC) Rank: 
 
G4
S4
 
Federal Status: 
NC State Status: 
 
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HEXAGONAL KNOWN RANGE:PREDICTED DISTRIBUTION:
 
SUMMARY OF STATEWIDE PREDICTED DISTRIBUTION:
 
Land Unit
US Fish & Wildlife Service
US Forest Service
US National Park Service
US Department of Defense
NC State Parks
NC University System
NC Wildlife Res. Com.
NC Forest Service
NC Div. of Coastal Mgmt.
Local Governments
Non-Governmental Org.
Other Public Lands
Private Lands
GAP Status 1-2
All Protected Lands
Statewide
 
Hectares
0.00
10,071.18
1.89
3,896.19
325.98
2.79
463.77
17.46
0.00
205.65
167.76
0.00
18,310.59
5,521.50
15,143.67
33,463.26
 
Acres
0.00
24,886.42
4.67
9,627.69
805.51
6.89
1,146.00
43.14
0.00
508.17
414.54
0.00
45,246.44
13,643.92
37,420.82
82,689.50
% of Dist. on
Prot. Lands
0.0 %
66.5 %
< 0.1 %
25.7 %
2.2 %
< 0.1 %
3.1 %
0.1 %
0.0 %
1.0 %
1.0 %
0.0 %
0.0 %
36.5 %
-----   
-----   
% of Dist. on
All Lands
0.0 %
30.1 %
< 0.1 %
11.6 %
1.0 %
< 0.1 %
1.4 %
< 0.1 %
0.0 %
0.6 %
0.5 %
0.0 %
54.7 %
16.5 %
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HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The shovelnose salamander inhabits trout streams in most river drainages of the North Carolina mountains (Martof et al. 1980).

This salamander is primarily aquatic and spends much of its time within the banks of small to medium-sized, cool clear upland streams or spring runs (Huheey and Stupka 1967). Rocky bottomed streams are preferred (Wilson 1995).

NATURE SERVE GLOBAL HABITAT COMMENTS:

Small to medium-sized, cool upland streams or spring runs. Hides under rocks in shallow water, most commonly in riffles. Intolerant of siltation. Attaches eggs to undersides of rocks or logs in main current of stream.

 
MODELING DESCRIPTION:
Spatial Constraints:
Exclude all area outside of known range.
Exclude all non-interior forest.
Exclude all land greater than 1 meter from open water.
Exclude all water greater than 50 meters from land.
 
CITATIONS:
Wilson, L. A. 1995. The Land Manager's Guide to the amphibians and reptiles of the South. Chapel Hill, NC: The Nature Conservancy.

Martof, B. 1962. Some aspects of the life history and ecology of the salamander LEUROGNATHUS. Am. Midl. Nat. 67:1-35.

Huheey, J. E., and A. Stupka. 1967. Amphibians and reptiles of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Univ. Tennessee Press, Knoxville. ix + 98 pp.

Martof, B. S. 1963. Leurognathus, L. marmoratus. Cat. Am. Amph. Rep. 3.1-3.2.

Behler, J. L., and F. W. King. 1979. The Audubon Society field guide to North American reptiles and amphibians. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 719 pp.

Bruce, R. C. 1985. Larval periods, population structure and the effects of stream drift in larvae of the salamanders DESMOGNATHUS QUADRAMACULATUS and LEUROGNATHUS MARMORATUS in a southern Appalachian stream. Copeia 1985:847-854.

Martof, B. S., W. M. Palmer, J. R. Bailey, and J. R. Harrison, III. 1980. Amphibians and reptiles of the Carolinas and Virginia. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 264 pp.

Mitchell, J. C. 1991. Amphibians and reptiles. Pages 411-76 in K. Terwilliger (coordinator). Virginia's Endangered Species:Proceedings of a Symposium. McDonald and Woodward Publishing Company, Blacksburg, Virginia.
10 March 2005
 
This data was compiled and/or developed by the North Carolina GAP Analysis Project.

For more information please contact them at:
NC-GAP Analysis Project
Dept. of Zoology, NCSU
Campus Box 7617
Raleigh, NC 27695-7617
(919) 513-2853
www.basic.ncsu.edu/ncgap