# SE-GAP Vertebrate Predicted Habitat

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Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Online_Linkage: <http://www.basic.ncsu.edu/segap/DataServer.html>
      Originator: Southeast Gap Analysis Project
      Publication_Date: 20100401
      Title: SE-GAP Vertebrate Predicted Habitat
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
      Originator:
        Biodiversity and Spatial Information Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
      Originator:
        Alabama Gap Project, Alabama Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit, Auburn University, Alabama 36839
      Originator:
        Spatial Analysis Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens Georgia 30602
      Edition: 1.0
  Native_Data_Set_Environment:
    Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1.0.780
  Description:
    Abstract:
      This raster map represents the presence/absence of predicted habitat of a single terrestrial vertebrate species. Since it is one of 602 species whose predicted distributions were modeled by SE-GAP, the processes used to create this raster map may differ from other species in this dataset. Processes were unique because while a majority of models incorporated land use/land cover data as the primary input, several other environmental features were incorporated for specific species depending on life history and habitat requirements noted both in published literature and expert review with biologists.
    Purpose:
      This data set was developed by the Southeast GAP Analysis Project to be used as a coarse filter in determining the location of species' habitats in the Southeast United States for conservation planning purposes. Seasonal known ranges for 602 vertebrate species (131 amphibians, 253 birds, 95 mammals and 123 reptiles) were modeled by SE-GAP based on existing state, regional and national references. This data was prepared in compliance with the National GAP effort.
    Supplemental_Information:
      Southeast Gap Analysis Predicted Habitat Development
      Overview
      One of the major objectives of the National GAP program is to document the representation of native vertebrate species in regional assesments. In order to meet this objective, we developed a spatial database of predicted species distributions throughout the region. While we don't have the resources to conduct a complete survey for every species, we do have access to a tremendous knowledge base that allows us to model distrubutions based on known range and habitat relationships.
      The composition and structure of the dominant vegetation is an important and easily described measure of habitat for animals (Scott et al. 1993) and has long been used as an indirect indicator of animal distributions (Austin 1991). Other biotic and abiotic factors (i.e. elevation, wetland type, and distance from standing water) can also play a major role in defining a particular species' habitat. Many studies of vertebrate species have been conducted over the years documenting this type of information. In addition, data on known ranges for vertebrate species has also been collected. This includes not only survey data records, but the cumulative field experiences of biologists who work with these species on a daily basis. If we take a habitat description, break it down into vegetative communities and other environmental factors (e.g. elevation, wetland type, etc.), and then identified those areas within a known range, we would be creating a predicted distribution map. That is essentially what we did for each terrestrial vertebrate species modeled in the Southeast. The final step was to overlay those maps together to get a representation of biodiversity.
      Why did we model only terrestrial vertebrates? Again, its a matter of resources. Realistically, we can only model a subset of all species. Terrestrial vertebrates are a logical choice because we generally know more about their habitat relationships and range extents than those of other taxa. Even so, there are over 600 terrestrial vertebrates modeled. The key to filling in the 'gaps' in the documented data is to have a thorough review by experts at every stage.
      Species List Development Selection Criteria
      Gap Analysis predicted distribution maps are being created for all vertebrate species that breed in the Southeastern U.S. or use habitat there for an important part of their life history. Decisions were made on which species' habitats will be mapped based on standard Gap Analysis guidelines. Species lists have been created for each of the southeastern states by state-level Gap projects; these lists were compiled and pared down to remove some subspecies and domesticated species. Subspecies were only included when supported as distinct and non-overlapping with either the full species or other subspecies. The final list includes amphibians, mammals, reptiles, breeding birds, and wintering waterfowl.
      After review, 602 species remained for habitat modeling: 131 Amphibian species, 253 Avian species, 95 Mammalian species, and Reptilian species.
      Predictive Modeling of Habitat
      Models of presence/absence for a species' predicted distribution may include a number of spatially explicit data sources. GAP models typically involve land use/land cover data as the primary input. However, other environmental features that make up the landscape constituting species' habitats can be valuable inputs to modeling. The SE-GAP project has attempted to use a number of data layers (ancillary data) other than land cover to develop species models. Many of these data layers act as surrogates for one or more aspects of a species' habitat that may only be inferred from available, remotely sensed information. The following document is meant to describe these data layers and their development, their range of parameters, and usage in modeling species' predicted distributions.
      NOTE: The term "map unit" will be used throughout the document to mean the individual class or category mapped to represent land use and land cover, i.e. ecological systems.
      Developing Known Range
      All 602 terrestrial vertebrate species' geographic range extents were delineated as single or multiple polygons. Migratory species were primarily represented by breeding season ranges, however, wintering ranges for waterfowl and migratory bats were also delineated (33 species) Processes used to create range polygons were unique because information on the current geographic range of a species varies widely. However, a generalized approach used a variety of sources to develop species' ranges including sources of information in two broad categories: 1) species location records and range maps available digitally or in print, and 2) digital spatial data of environmental parameters described in later sections of this document.
      Usage in Modeling
      Species ranges were used as model delimiters in predicted distribution models.
      Land Cover Development
      Ecological systems and land use mapped for the SE-GAP project are the primary input to species models. The development of these data is described in detail in subsequent documents. However, derivatives of these data were developed separately to further refine species models.
      Primary and secondary (auxiliary) map units, and patch size (contiguous and non-contiguous patches) are parameters utilized as a model proceeds. That is, they are not stand-alone, independently created data layers. As such, they would not be considered "ancillary" data.
      Usage in Modeling Primary & Secondary Map Units
      Primary map units are those land cover types critical for nesting, rearing young, and/or optimal foraging.
      Secondary or auxiliary map units are those land cover types generally not critical for breeding, but are typically used in conjunction with primary map units for foraging, roosting, and/or sub-optimal nesting locations. These map units are selected only when located within a specified distance from primary map units.
      Patch Size The type and size of clusters of habitat can be assessed with spatial modeling. As a final step to the distribution modeling process, we used these parameters for species shown to require minimum amounts of habitat. This includes not only directly adjacent habitats, but those that are contextually adjacent. Both these parameters are utilized as the final step in a predicted distribution and therefore incorporate all other modeling inputs.
      Contiguous Patch Minimum Size (ha) - This parameter is set using the most conservative values explicitly stated in the literature. It applies only to the Southeastern portion of a species' range. FROM Buffer - 0, 30, 60, 120, 250, 500, 1000 meters. TO Buffer - 0, 30, 60, 120, 250, 500, 1000 meters.
      Non-Contiguous Patch The non-contiguous patch parameter is used to imply landscape context, i.e utilized habitats within a matrix of other habitats. It is measured as a percentage within a given area.
      Forest & Edge Habitats
      The edge or ecotone between forested and non-forested environments can be a critical aspect of the habitat landscape. We grouped map units into forested, non-forested, and shrubland/woodland land cover types to create unique data layers. These data layers can then be buffered at specified distances to identify species' habitats. Development
      All map units categorized as forest, non-forest, and shrubland/woodland were aggregated into separate data layers. Aggregated map units can be compared and contrasted to identify areas of transition between these broad categories. They can also be used to identify "core" areas or contiguous blocks of similar type (i.e. interior) through buffering procedures.
      Forested map units were defined as those ecological systems and land uses that correspond to the National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) forest/woodland classes (Homer et al. 2004) (Appendix A). These included NLCD classes "deciduous forest", "evergreen forest", "mixed forest", "palustrine forested wetland", and "estuarine forested wetland" (class values 41, 42, 43, 91 and 93 respectively). Non-forested map units were defined as those ecological systems and land uses not categorized as forest using the criteria stated above. Woodland/shrubland map units were defined as those ecological systems and land uses containing a majority of short, scrubby, woody vegetation or sparsely canopied treed vegetation (Appendix B). Unlike the forested map units, the woodland/shrubland layer was not explicitly derived from NLCD classes but was selected individually based on attributes defined by the systems and land uses.
      Once these data layers were created, buffering procedures created unique datasets containing unique categories of distance: > 4000, 4000, 2000, 1000, 500, 250, 120, 60, and 30 meters into and away from the specified feature.
      Usage in Modeling
      Forest Interior This data layer constitutes unique aggregations of forest and non-forest map units. Non-forest map units include water, pasture/hay, agricultural areas, urban/developed, marshes, beaches, etc... Utilizes Forest Interior - For species that require interior forest. Buffer distances must be identified to utilize this input. Avoids Forest Interior - For species that avoid interior forest. Buffer distances must be identified to utilize this input. FROM Buffer - 0, 30, 60, 120, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 9999 (> 4000 m) INTO Buffer - 0, 30, 60, 120, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 9999 (> 4000 m)
      Edge/Ecotone Type & Width Forest/Open Ecotone Only - This data layer represents the transitional areas between forest and open, non-forested habitats. Open, non-forested habitats include water, pasture/hay, prairies, agricultural areas, urban/developed, marshes, beaches, etc... Forest/Open Ecotone + Woodlands/Shrublands - The forest/open only ecotone does not consider environments with sparse canopies or scrubby vegetation. In order to account for these additionally complex ecotones, this data layer includes woodland and shrubland map units that would otherwise be ignored. Ecotone Width - This distance represents a swath of symmetrically buffered edge. The parameter is measured in increments of 0, 30, 60, 120, 250, 500, and 1000 meters. For example, an ecotone width of 500 meters includes 250 meters into forest and 250 meters into open).
      Hydrologic Unit Codes (HUCs) Development
      The HUC is part of a hierarchical classification system for surface water drainage in the US (Seaber et al. 1987). The numerical code represents a "cataloging unit" of delineation approximately larger than 1800 square kilometers. Within the SE-GAP project boundary there are 577 8-digit HUCs. Vector format (i.e. polygon) data were compiled from United States Geological Survey (USGS) sources. No ancillary data was produced directly from HUCs, but they were utilized in numerous other ancillary data layer processes. Most notably, HUCs allow for partitioned processing when scripting complex spatial analysis tasks.
      Usage in Modeling
      HUCs were not used directly in species modeling. However, some species' geographic ranges were developed using the 8-digit hydrologic unit code polygons. This was only appropriate for species whose ranges would conceivably be limited to certain watershed drainages and their associated topographic distinctions. In most cases, these species were partially or entirely aquatic during some part of their life history (e.g. salamanders, turtles).
      Ecoregions Development
      Ecoregions developed by Omernik (1987, 1995) and available from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA 2007) were produced through an analysis of biotic and abiotic patterns relating to ecosystem differentiation. Although no ancillary date were created directly from ecoregions, they were utilized in numerous other primary and ancillary data layer processes including land cover/ecological systems, species' ranges, and landforms.
      Usage in Modeling
      Ecoregions were not used explicitly in predicted distribution models. However, Omernik Level III and Level IV ecoregions were used to help define polygon boundaries for some species' geographic ranges when appropriate. Some species are clearly restricted to the physiographic and geographic patterns and boundaries that ecoregions define. For these species, ecoregions were used as all or a portion of the polygon(s) delineation. If there was a doubt as to the limitations imposed by such boundaries, ecoregions were not used.
      Soils Development
      State geographic soils database (STATSGO) soil units polygons were developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) at a scale of 1:250,000 for the conterminous U.S. (USDA 1995). Although no ancillary date were created directly from soils, they were utilized in numerous other primary and ancillary data layer processes including land cover/ecological systems, species' ranges, and landforms.
      Usage in Modeling
      Soils were not used explicitly in predicted distribution models. However, soils were used to help define polygon boundaries for some species' geographic ranges when appropriate. Although ecoregions consider soils as an abiotic factor in their delineation, for certain species it was necessary to focus more narrowly on soil type to help define a range polygon. For species whose habitat requirements are restricted to certain soil types (particularly some reptiles), soil polygons were used to help delineate all or a portion of their range.
      Roads Development
      Roads data were compiled from the U.S. Census Bureau's TIGER/Line files (USCB 2007). As a preliminary and stand alone layer, road density grids were created so that they could be used for production of imperious surface data layers and, by proxy, land cover/land use map units, as well as in production of an avoidance mask for vertebrate modeling. Part of the procedure to develop road density required the summarization of the attribute code 'CFCC' within the TIGER database (see technical documentation for TIGER/Line files at the URL listed in the Literature Cited section for more information). In general, seven codes were combined into three road category types. A line density algorithm was used to calculate the linear length of roads within a circular neighborhood. The algorithm utilized a kernel smoothing function on a 30 meter cell size within a 564.19 meter radius (1 km2).
      Usage in Modeling
      Roads were not used explicitly in predicted distribution models. However, the road density data layer derived from roads was used to develop an avoidance mask as an index to human disturbance (see Urban).
      Elevation Development
      Elevation data are often represented in digital elevation models (DEMs). SE-GAP utilized the USGS compiled National Elevation Dataset (NED) as a primary source (USGS 2003). However, because of the varying quality of the data, it was necessary to incorporate other datasets to create an improved, region wide product. These included data from NASA's Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) at 30 meter resolution (NASA 2007), Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data from the North Carolina Floodplain Mapping Program (NCFMP 2007), and hypsography data from the USGS's Digital Line Graphs (DLGs) at 1:24,000 and 1:100,000 scales (USGS 2007a). Areas of inconsistent, erroneous, or systematically flawed data were identified visually and "tagged" for fixing. A number of algorithms were then used to reassign elevation values using interpolations based on the higher quality data. This essentially promoted the best available information for a given area using a number of sources, as opposed to re-interpolating data from the same flawed source.
      Usage in Modeling
      Some species respond to environments directly related to altitudinal variation. Elevation is easily implemented in spatial modeling by limiting the model to the minimum and maximum values explicitly stated in the literature. DEMs are utilized directly and are measured in meters above mean sea level.
      Land Forms Development
      Landforms are derived from DEMs, ecoregions and hydrography using a complex model of slope, aspect, location, elevation, flow direction and accumulation, and a variety of other interpolated data. These are meant to incorporate a mixture of environmental inputs important for species. The general steps involved in creating landforms are as follows:
      Extract data inputs for a given region to process (mapping zones for example). Subdivide into smaller processing units (HUCs for example) that can be overlapped during iteration loops to facilitate merging during production of the final output. Calculate Topographic Relative Moisture Index (TRMI) based on a DEM and hydrography. TRMI is an estimate of potential moisture at a specific location created by combining relative slope position, aspect, slope and curvature from the DEM, and defining valley bottoms that correspond to high resolution hydrography data. Process the moisture index grid to reclassify it into binary categories of moist and dry; smoothing the output with a majority filter to remove single cells and linear artifacts. Calculate land position based on the inverse distance weighted elevation of each cell in relation to its neighbors. Calculate the landform for each processing unit by combining the moisture, land position, slope and aspect. Create the final landform for the region by combining landforms of overlapping processing units into a single output.
      Usage in Modeling
      Species distributions are restricted to the selected landforms. Landforms include: Cliffs, Steep Slopes, Slope Crests, Side Slopes, Upper Slopes, Flat Summits, Coves, Slope Bottoms, Moist Flats, Dry Flats, and Wet Flats.
      Hydrography Development
      Water and its location on the landscape is a very important aspect of species' habitats. SE-GAP used a number of water related data layers to refine species models. These include water type (i.e. flowing or open/standing), distance to and from water, and stream flow and underlying gradient.
      The source for hydrographic data was the USGS National Hydrography Dataset (NHD)(USGS 2007b). The NHD is composed of the most up-to-date nationwide data of surface waters compiled at two scales: 1:24,000 and 1:100,000. SE-GAP began acquiring NHD data in 2003. At the time, NHD was available only in ArcInfo coverage format organized by 8-digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC). NHD 8-digit HUCs are a complex mixture of polygon and arc (and point) features with numerous related tables of attributes. These coverage data are vector data types, i.e. arcs, polygons, nodes etc. with their incumbent data tables.
      Water Type We divided hydrographic features from NHD into three types: flowing water, standing water, and wet vegetation. These feature types were extracted from the NHD by selecting corresponding codes (the FCODE attribute) in data tables and creating separate datasets for each data type. To facilitate their use in spatial modeling, these feature types were converted to grids and combined into 16 categories where feature types overlapped.
      Flowing Water - Flowing water represents hydrographic features such as streams, rivers, springs, etc... NHD was developed as a value added product to allow users to performing tasks such as routing, classification, segmentation, etc... Therefore, arcs which flow into waterbodies such as reservoirs need to be continuous from their origin to their terminus. These "connectors" or "artificial paths" were also extracted from the data to represent flowing water. Flowing water can be arc or polygon feature classes. This is particularly true for large rivers that are wide enough to be digitized as long, narrow polygons.
      Standing Water - Standing water represents hydrographic features such as lakes, ponds, reservoirs, bays, inlets, etc... Standing water can be arc or polygon feature classes. Some canals and ditches are represented as arcs. However, most standing water features are polygons.
      Wet Vegetation - Wet vegetation represents hydrographic features such as swamps, marshes, Carolina bays, etc... It is represented only as the polygon feature class.
      Distance INTO and FROM Water Features We used 18 categories of distance from the water features flowing water, standing water and wet vegetation. A process was used to buffer hydrography at various distances and code grid cells based on a defined set of distances. Eighteen categories for buffer grids. Each water type has a region wide grid coded for buffer distance from that type of hydrography.
      Exterior Buffers (from feature) Cell Value Buffer Distance from Hydrographic Feature (meters) 0 > 4000m 1 +2000m to +4000m 2 +1000m to +2000m 3 +500m to +1000m 4 +250m to +500m 5 +120m to +250m 6 +60m to +120m 7 +30m to +60m 8 0m to +30m Interior Buffers (into feature) Cell Value Buffer Distance from Hydrographic Feature (meters) 9 0m to -30m 10 -30m to -60m 11 -60m to -120m 12 -120m to -250m 13 -250m to -500m 14 -500m to -1000m 15 -1000m to -2000m 16 -2000m to -4000m 17 > 4000m
      Velocity (Stream Gradient) Stream velocity (or more appropriately stream gradient) was derived from a combination of streams and slopes calculated from a digital elevation model (DEM). A process was developed that determined the cell-to-cell drop in elevation along a stream grid based on flow direction. The process created three categories of slope calculations for use as a surrogate for stream gradient/velocity. A double pass focal majority function was used to "smooth" the output.
      Usage in Modeling
      Water Type Flowing Water - This includes streams, rivers, springs, seeps, ditches with moving water etc... Open/Standing Water - This includes bays, estuaries, ocean, lakes, ponds, reservoirs, ditches with stagnant water etc... Wet Vegetation - This includes a collection of map units representing seasonally or tidally inundated woody and non-woody plants.
      Distance INTO and FROM Water Features
      Interior (INTO) and Exterior (FROM) buffers on water features measured in meters and represented as discrete, cumulative distances. For example, a 250 meter exterior buffer on flowing water includes all areas up to 250 meters from the flowing water feature. FROM Buffer - 0, 30, 60, 120, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 9999 (> 4000 m) INTO Buffer - 0, 30, 60, 120, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 9999 (> 4000 m)
      Velocity (Stream Gradient)
      For some aquatic species, this can represent an important aspect of their habitat such as oxygenation levels, presence of invertebrate prey, and amount of sediment within the water column and on streambed substrates. Slow Only - For species that require slow moving or almost stagnant sections of streams or rivers. Typically these are areas where the underlying topography is flat (0 % gradient). Fast Only - For species that require high velocity sections of streams or rivers. Typically these are areas where the underlying topography is steep. A threshold of > 5 % gradient was used. All Types - Species can utilize either fast or slow sections of streams or rivers.
      Salinity Development
      Water salinity is a major factor when considering habitat conditions for many species. However, the dynamic and complex nature of water systems makes the development of a highly refined and reliable datalayer impractical, if not impossible. Therefore, we developed three general categories to include in species habitat models.
      Zones of water salinity were hand digitized using NLCD map units as a guide. All palustrine and upland map units were identified, as were all estuarine map units. A line was digitized between non-estuarine and estuarine map units and served as the boundary between fresh and brackish water. An additional line was digitized across all ocean inlets, essentially the shortest distance between two bodies of land. This second line served as the boundary between brackish and salt water.
      Usage in Modeling
      Freshwater Only - For species requiring water, this includes only fresh water. Brackish/Salt Water Only - For species requiring water, this includes only brackish/salt water. All Water - For species requiring water, this includes both brackish/salt water as well as freshwater.
      Urban Environments Development
      Environments dominated by human disturbance such as roads, cities, and the constructed materials that support human habitation have profound effects on species' distributions. Map units derived for SE-GAP include three categories of development intensity - high, medium and low. These classes rely on spectral signatures from satellite data in association with measurements of impervious surface. SE-GAP created an urban/avoidance data layer using a combination of road density (see Roads section above) and the three map units of development intensity. In effect, the derived data layer acts as an index for a species' intolerance to human environments.
      Usage in Modeling
      For most species, this data layer was used to "mask out" or exclude species from a portion of the landscape. However, some species respond favorably to human habitats. In this later case, the data layer was used in an inclusionary manner.
      Level of Tolerance/Intolerance This parameter is ranked at three levels: high, medium, and low. No selection of this parameter indicates the species' model is not contingent on an index of human disturbance.
      High Exclusionary - For species that are very intolerant of human disturbance. All portions of the landscape identified as being directly influenced by human disturbance are eliminated from the predicted distribution. High Inclusionary - For species that are associated with high levels of human disturbance. The predicted distribution is limited to all portions of the landscape identified as being directly influenced by human disturbance.
      Medium Exclusionary - For species that are moderately intolerant of human disturbance. Only portions of the landscape identified as being highly or moderately influenced by human disturbance are eliminated from the predicted distribution. Medium Inclusionary - For species that are associated with moderate levels of human disturbance. The predicted distribution is limited to only portions of the landscape identified as being moderately or partially influenced by human disturbance.
      Low Exclusionary - For species that are partially intolerant of human disturbance. Only portions of the landscape identified as being highly influenced by human disturbance are eliminated from the predicted distribution. Low Inclusionary - For species that are associated with partial levels of human disturbance. The predicted distribution is limited to only portions of the landscape identified as being partially influenced by human disturbance.
      Literature Cited Austin, M.P. 1991. Vegetation: data collection and analysis. Pages 37-41 in C.R. Margules and M.P. Austin, eds. Nature conservation: cost effective biological surveys and data analysis. Australia CSIRO, East Melbourne.
      Homer, C. C. Huang, L. Yang, B. Wylie and M. Coan. 2004. Development of a 2001 National Landcover Database for the United States. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, Vol. 70, No. 7, July 2004, pp. 829-840.
      National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2007. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Califorinia Institute of Technology. Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. Available online, URL: <http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/>.
      North Carolina Floodplain Mapping Program. 2007. North Carolina Floodplain Mapping Information System. Available online, URL: <http://www.ncfloodmaps.com/>.
      Omernik, J.M. 1987. Ecoregions of the conterminous United States. Map (scale 1:7,500,000). Annals of the Association of American Geographers 77(1):118-125.
      Omernik, J.M. 1995. Ecoregions: A spatial framework for environmental management. In: Biological Assessment and Criteria: Tools for Water Resource Planning and Decision Making. Davis, W.S. and T.P. Simon (eds.) Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL. Pp. 49-62.
      Scott, M., F. Davis, B. Csuti, R. Noss, B. Butterfield, C. Groves, H. Anderson, S. Caicco, F. D'Erchia, T.C. Edwards Jr., J. Ulliman and R.G. Wright. 1993. Gap Analysis: A geographic approach to protection of biological diversity. Wildlife Monographs, no. 123. The Journal of Wildlife Management. 57(1) 41pp.
      Seaber, P.R., Kapinos, F.P., and Knapp, G.L., 1987, Hydrologic Unit Maps: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2294, 63 p.
      U.S. Census Bureau. 2007. Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing system. Available online, URL: <http://www.census.gov/geo/www/tiger/>. Documentation available online, URL: <http://www.census.gov/geo/www/tiger/tiger2006se/TGR06SE.pdf>.
      U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1995. State soil geographic (STATSGO) data base, data use information. NRCS National Soil Survey Center Miscellaneous Publication # 1492. Available on, URL: <http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/techtools/statsgo_db.pdf>.
      U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2007. Western Ecology Division, Corvallis, OR. Ecoregion Maps and GIS Resources. Available online, URL: <http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions.htm>.
      U.S. Geological Survey. 2003. National Mapping Division EROS Data Center. National Elevation Dataset. Available online, URL: <http://ned.usgs.gov/>.
      U.S. Geological Survey. 2007a. National Mapping Division EROS Data Center. Digital Line Graphs. Available online, URL: <http://eros.usgs.gov/products/map/dlg.html>.
      U.S. Geological Survey. 2007b. National Hydrography Dataset. Available online, URL: <http://nhd.usgs.gov/index.html>.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition
    Time_Period_Information:
      Single_Date/Time:
        Calendar_Date: 2001
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -91.968789
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.436112
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.615542
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 23.806684
  Keywords:
    Place:
      Place_Keyword: Southeast US
      Place_Keyword: Alabama
      Place_Keyword: Florida
      Place_Keyword: Georgia
      Place_Keyword: Kentucky
      Place_Keyword: Mississippi
      Place_Keyword: North Carolina
      Place_Keyword: South Carolina
      Place_Keyword: Tennessee
      Place_Keyword: Virginia
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword: Predicted Habitat
      Theme_Keyword: Predicted Distribution
      Theme_Keyword: Habitat Modeling
      Theme_Keyword: Atlantic coast slimy salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Apalachicola Dusky Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Allegheny Mountain Dusky Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: American Toad
      Theme_Keyword: Barking Treefrog
      Theme_Keyword: Brimley's Chorus Frog
      Theme_Keyword: Bird-voiced Treefrog
      Theme_Keyword: Blackbelly Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Black Mountain Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Blue Ridge Dusky Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Blue Ridge Gray-cheeked Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Blue Ridge Two-lined Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Bullfrog
      Theme_Keyword: Black Warrior Waterdog
      Theme_Keyword: Carpenter Frog
      Theme_Keyword: Cave Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Cheoah Bald Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Chamberlain's Dwarf Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Cope's Gray Treefrog
      Theme_Keyword: Chattahoochee slimy salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Carolina Mountain Dusky Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Cumberland Plateau Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Crawfish Frog
      Theme_Keyword: Cuban Treefrog
      Theme_Keyword: Dwarf Black-bellied Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Dusky Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Dwarf Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Dwarf Waterdog
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Newt
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Spadefoot
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Narrowmouth Toad
      Theme_Keyword: Florida Bog Frog
      Theme_Keyword: Flatwoods Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Four-toed Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Fowler's Toad
      Theme_Keyword: Gray Treefrog
      Theme_Keyword: Georgia Blind Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Gulf Coast Toad
      Theme_Keyword: Gulf Coast Waterdog
      Theme_Keyword: Greenhouse Frog
      Theme_Keyword: Giant Toad
      Theme_Keyword: Gopher Frog
      Theme_Keyword: Green Frog
      Theme_Keyword: Green Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Greater Siren
      Theme_Keyword: Green Treefrog
      Theme_Keyword: Hellbender
      Theme_Keyword: Imitator Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Jefferson Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Junaluska Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Lesser Siren
      Theme_Keyword: Little Grass Frog
      Theme_Keyword: Longtail Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Mabee's Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Marbled Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Mountain Chorus Frog
      Theme_Keyword: Mississippi Gopher Frog
      Theme_Keyword: Many-lined Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Mole Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Mississippi slimy salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Mudpuppy
      Theme_Keyword: Mud Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Northern Cricket Frog
      Theme_Keyword: Northern Dwarf Siren
      Theme_Keyword: Northern Gray-cheeked Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Northern Leopard Frog
      Theme_Keyword: Neuse River Waterdog
      Theme_Keyword: Northern Two-lined Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Northern Zigzag Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Oak Toad
      Theme_Keyword: Ornate Chorus Frog
      Theme_Keyword: Ocoee Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Ocmulgee slimy salamander
      Theme_Keyword: One-toed Amphiuma
      Theme_Keyword: Pine Barrens Treefrog
      Theme_Keyword: Pig Frog
      Theme_Keyword: Pickerel Frog
      Theme_Keyword: Pigeon Mountain Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Peaks of Otter Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Pine Woods Treefrog
      Theme_Keyword: Pygmy Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Ravine Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Red-cheeked Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Red Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Redback Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Red Hills Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: River Frog
      Theme_Keyword: Red-legged Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Shenandoah Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Southern Cricket Frog
      Theme_Keyword: South Carolina slimy salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Southern Dusky Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Seal Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Seepage Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Southeastern slimy salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Southern Gray-cheeked Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Shovelnose Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Southern Leopard Frog
      Theme_Keyword: Slimy Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: South Mountain Gray-cheeked Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Smallmouth Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Santeetlah Dusky Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Southern Toad
      Theme_Keyword: Southern Redback Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Spring Peeper
      Theme_Keyword: Southern Appalachian Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Spotted Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Squirrel Treefrog
      Theme_Keyword: Southern Chorus Frog
      Theme_Keyword: Spring Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Striped Newt
      Theme_Keyword: Streamside Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Savannah slimy salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Southern Two-lined Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Southern Zigzag Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Tennessee Cave Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Tellico Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Three-toed Amphiuma
      Theme_Keyword: Three-lined Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Tiger Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Two-toed Amphiuma
      Theme_Keyword: Valley and Ridge Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Western Chorus Frog
      Theme_Keyword: Webster's Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Wehrle's Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: White-spotted Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Weller's Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Wood Frog
      Theme_Keyword: Woodhouse's Toad
      Theme_Keyword: White-spotted slimy salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Yonahlossee Salamander
      Theme_Keyword: American Black Duck
      Theme_Keyword: Acadian Flycatcher
      Theme_Keyword: Alder Flycatcher
      Theme_Keyword: American Bittern
      Theme_Keyword: American Coot
      Theme_Keyword: American Crow
      Theme_Keyword: American Goldfinch
      Theme_Keyword: American Kestrel
      Theme_Keyword: American Oystercatcher
      Theme_Keyword: American Redstart
      Theme_Keyword: American Robin
      Theme_Keyword: American Wigeon
      Theme_Keyword: American Woodcock
      Theme_Keyword: Anhinga
      Theme_Keyword: Antillean Nighthawk
      Theme_Keyword: Bachman's Sparrow
      Theme_Keyword: Barred Owl
      Theme_Keyword: Bald Eagle
      Theme_Keyword: Barn Owl
      Theme_Keyword: Bank Swallow
      Theme_Keyword: Baltimore Oriole
      Theme_Keyword: Barn Swallow
      Theme_Keyword: Black-and-white Warbler
      Theme_Keyword: Black-billed Cuckoo
      Theme_Keyword: Black-capped Chickadee
      Theme_Keyword: Black-crowned Night-Heron
      Theme_Keyword: Belted Kingfisher
      Theme_Keyword: Bell's Vireo
      Theme_Keyword: Bewick's Wren
      Theme_Keyword: Blue-gray Gnatcatcher
      Theme_Keyword: Brown-headed Cowbird
      Theme_Keyword: Brown-headed Nuthatch
      Theme_Keyword: Blue-headed Vireo
      Theme_Keyword: Blackburnian Warbler
      Theme_Keyword: Blue Grosbeak
      Theme_Keyword: Blue Jay
      Theme_Keyword: Black Rail
      Theme_Keyword: Black Skimmer
      Theme_Keyword: Black Vulture
      Theme_Keyword: Black-necked Stilt
      Theme_Keyword: Bobolink
      Theme_Keyword: Brant
      Theme_Keyword: Brown Creeper
      Theme_Keyword: Brown Noddy
      Theme_Keyword: Brown Pelican
      Theme_Keyword: Bridled Tern
      Theme_Keyword: Brown Thrasher
      Theme_Keyword: Black-throated Blue Warbler
      Theme_Keyword: Boat-tailed Grackle
      Theme_Keyword: Black-throated Green Warbler
      Theme_Keyword: Bufflehead
      Theme_Keyword: Burrowing Owl
      Theme_Keyword: Broad-winged Hawk
      Theme_Keyword: Blue-winged Teal
      Theme_Keyword: Black-whiskered Vireo
      Theme_Keyword: Blue-winged Warbler
      Theme_Keyword: Carolina Chickadee
      Theme_Keyword: Cattle Egret
      Theme_Keyword: Canada Goose
      Theme_Keyword: Canvasback
      Theme_Keyword: Carolina Wren
      Theme_Keyword: Caspian Tern
      Theme_Keyword: Canada Warbler
      Theme_Keyword: Cedar Waxwing
      Theme_Keyword: Cerulean Warbler
      Theme_Keyword: Chipping Sparrow
      Theme_Keyword: Chimney Swift
      Theme_Keyword: Clapper Rail
      Theme_Keyword: Cliff Swallow
      Theme_Keyword: Common Ground-Dove
      Theme_Keyword: Common Goldeneye
      Theme_Keyword: Common Grackle
      Theme_Keyword: Cooper's Hawk
      Theme_Keyword: Common Merganser
      Theme_Keyword: Common Moorhen
      Theme_Keyword: Common Nighthawk
      Theme_Keyword: Common Raven
      Theme_Keyword: Common Tern
      Theme_Keyword: Common Yellowthroat
      Theme_Keyword: Chestnut-sided Warbler
      Theme_Keyword: Chuck-will's-widow
      Theme_Keyword: Double-crested Cormorant
      Theme_Keyword: Dark-eyed Junco
      Theme_Keyword: Dickcissel
      Theme_Keyword: Downy Woodpecker
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Bluebird
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Kingbird
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Meadowlark
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Phoebe
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Screech-Owl
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Towhee
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Wood-Pewee
      Theme_Keyword: Eurasian Collared-Dove
      Theme_Keyword: European Starling
      Theme_Keyword: Fish Crow
      Theme_Keyword: Field Sparrow
      Theme_Keyword: Florida Scrub-jay
      Theme_Keyword: Forster's Tern
      Theme_Keyword: Fulvous Whistling-Duck
      Theme_Keyword: Gadwall
      Theme_Keyword: Great Black-backed Gull
      Theme_Keyword: Great Blue Heron
      Theme_Keyword: Gull-billed Tern
      Theme_Keyword: Great Crested Flycatcher
      Theme_Keyword: Golden-crowned Kinglet
      Theme_Keyword: Greater Flamingo
      Theme_Keyword: Great Horned Owl
      Theme_Keyword: Glossy Ibis
      Theme_Keyword: Gray Kingbird
      Theme_Keyword: Gray Catbird
      Theme_Keyword: Great Egret
      Theme_Keyword: Green Heron
      Theme_Keyword: Greater Scaup
      Theme_Keyword: Grasshopper Sparrow
      Theme_Keyword: Green-winged Teal
      Theme_Keyword: Golden-winged Warbler
      Theme_Keyword: Hairy Woodpecker
      Theme_Keyword: Herring Gull
      Theme_Keyword: Henslow's Sparrow
      Theme_Keyword: House Finch
      Theme_Keyword: Horned Lark
      Theme_Keyword: Hooded Merganser
      Theme_Keyword: House Sparrow
      Theme_Keyword: Hooded Warbler
      Theme_Keyword: House Wren
      Theme_Keyword: Indigo Bunting
      Theme_Keyword: Kentucky Warbler
      Theme_Keyword: Killdeer
      Theme_Keyword: King Rail
      Theme_Keyword: Laughing Gull
      Theme_Keyword: Lark Sparrow
      Theme_Keyword: Little Blue Heron
      Theme_Keyword: Least Bittern
      Theme_Keyword: Least Flycatcher
      Theme_Keyword: Long-eared Owl
      Theme_Keyword: Lesser Scaup
      Theme_Keyword: Least Tern
      Theme_Keyword: Limpkin
      Theme_Keyword: Loggerhead Shrike
      Theme_Keyword: Louisiana Waterthrush
      Theme_Keyword: Long-tailed Duck
      Theme_Keyword: Mangrove Cuckoo
      Theme_Keyword: Magnificent Frigatebird
      Theme_Keyword: Mallard
      Theme_Keyword: Magnolia Warbler
      Theme_Keyword: Marsh Wren
      Theme_Keyword: Mississippi Kite
      Theme_Keyword: Mourning Dove
      Theme_Keyword: Mottled Duck
      Theme_Keyword: Northern Bobwhite
      Theme_Keyword: Northern Cardinal
      Theme_Keyword: Northern Flicker
      Theme_Keyword: Northern Harrier
      Theme_Keyword: Northern Mockingbird
      Theme_Keyword: Northern Parula
      Theme_Keyword: Northern Pintail
      Theme_Keyword: Northern Rough-winged Swallow
      Theme_Keyword: Northern Shoveler
      Theme_Keyword: Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow
      Theme_Keyword: Northern Saw-whet Owl
      Theme_Keyword: Orchard Oriole
      Theme_Keyword: Olive-sided Flycatcher
      Theme_Keyword: Osprey
      Theme_Keyword: Ovenbird
      Theme_Keyword: Painted Bunting
      Theme_Keyword: Pied-billed Grebe
      Theme_Keyword: Peregrine Falcon
      Theme_Keyword: Piping Plover
      Theme_Keyword: Pine Warbler
      Theme_Keyword: Pileated Woodpecker
      Theme_Keyword: Prairie Warbler
      Theme_Keyword: Prothonotary Warbler
      Theme_Keyword: Purple Finch
      Theme_Keyword: Purple Gallinule
      Theme_Keyword: Purple Martin
      Theme_Keyword: Rose-breasted Grosbeak
      Theme_Keyword: Red-breasted Merganser
      Theme_Keyword: Red-breasted Nuthatch
      Theme_Keyword: Red-bellied Woodpecker
      Theme_Keyword: Red-cockaded Woodpecker
      Theme_Keyword: Red Crossbill
      Theme_Keyword: Redhead
      Theme_Keyword: Reddish Egret
      Theme_Keyword: Red-eyed Vireo
      Theme_Keyword: Red-headed Woodpecker
      Theme_Keyword: Ring-necked Duck
      Theme_Keyword: Ring-necked Pheasant
      Theme_Keyword: Rock Pigeon
      Theme_Keyword: Roseate Spoonbill
      Theme_Keyword: Roseate Tern
      Theme_Keyword: Royal Tern
      Theme_Keyword: Red-shouldered Hawk
      Theme_Keyword: Red-tailed Hawk
      Theme_Keyword: Ruby-throated Hummingbird
      Theme_Keyword: Ruddy Duck
      Theme_Keyword: Ruffed Grouse
      Theme_Keyword: Red-winged Blackbird
      Theme_Keyword: Sandhill Crane
      Theme_Keyword: Sandwich Tern
      Theme_Keyword: Savannah Sparrow
      Theme_Keyword: Scarlet Tanager
      Theme_Keyword: Seaside Sparrow
      Theme_Keyword: Sedge Wren
      Theme_Keyword: Shiny Cowbird
      Theme_Keyword: Snowy Egret
      Theme_Keyword: Snow Goose
      Theme_Keyword: Snail Kite
      Theme_Keyword: Snowy Plover
      Theme_Keyword: Sora
      Theme_Keyword: Song Sparrow
      Theme_Keyword: Sooty Tern
      Theme_Keyword: Spotted Sandpiper
      Theme_Keyword: Sharp-shinned Hawk
      Theme_Keyword: Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow
      Theme_Keyword: Short-tailed Hawk
      Theme_Keyword: Swallow-tailed Kite
      Theme_Keyword: Summer Tanager
      Theme_Keyword: Swainson's Warbler
      Theme_Keyword: Tree Swallow
      Theme_Keyword: Tricolored Heron
      Theme_Keyword: Tundra Swan
      Theme_Keyword: Tufted Titmouse
      Theme_Keyword: Turkey Vulture
      Theme_Keyword: Upland Sandpiper
      Theme_Keyword: Veery
      Theme_Keyword: Vesper Sparrow
      Theme_Keyword: Virginia Rail
      Theme_Keyword: Warbling Vireo
      Theme_Keyword: White-breasted Nuthatch
      Theme_Keyword: White-crowned Pigeon
      Theme_Keyword: White-eyed Vireo
      Theme_Keyword: Worm-eating Warbler
      Theme_Keyword: White Ibis
      Theme_Keyword: Whimbrel
      Theme_Keyword: Willow Flycatcher
      Theme_Keyword: Willet
      Theme_Keyword: Wilson's Plover
      Theme_Keyword: Wild Turkey
      Theme_Keyword: Winter Wren
      Theme_Keyword: Wood Duck
      Theme_Keyword: Wood Stork
      Theme_Keyword: Wood Thrush
      Theme_Keyword: Whip-poor-will
      Theme_Keyword: White-tailed Kite
      Theme_Keyword: White-winged Dove
      Theme_Keyword: Yellow-breasted Chat
      Theme_Keyword: Yellow-billed Cuckoo
      Theme_Keyword: Yellow-bellied Flycatcher
      Theme_Keyword: Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
      Theme_Keyword: Yellow-crowned Night-Heron
      Theme_Keyword: Yellow-throated Vireo
      Theme_Keyword: Yellow-throated Warbler
      Theme_Keyword: Yellow Warbler
      Theme_Keyword: American Black Bear
      Theme_Keyword: Allegheny Woodrat
      Theme_Keyword: American Beaver
      Theme_Keyword: American Mink
      Theme_Keyword: Appalachian Cottontail
      Theme_Keyword: Big Brown Bat
      Theme_Keyword: Brazilian Free-tailed Bat
      Theme_Keyword: Black Rat
      Theme_Keyword: Bobcat
      Theme_Keyword: Cinereus Shrew
      Theme_Keyword: Cotton Mouse
      Theme_Keyword: Coyote
      Theme_Keyword: Deer Mouse
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Chipmunk
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Cottontail
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Mole
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Pipistrelle
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Woodrat
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Fox Squirrel
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Gray Squirrel
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Harvest Mouse
      Theme_Keyword: Elk
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Red Bat
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Small-footed Myotis
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Spotted Skunk
      Theme_Keyword: Evening Bat
      Theme_Keyword: Feral Hog
      Theme_Keyword: Feral Horse
      Theme_Keyword: Fulvous Harvest Mouse
      Theme_Keyword: Fisher
      Theme_Keyword: Florida Mouse
      Theme_Keyword: Golden Mouse
      Theme_Keyword: Gray Fox
      Theme_Keyword: Gray Myotis
      Theme_Keyword: Hairy-tailed Mole
      Theme_Keyword: Hispid Cotton Rat
      Theme_Keyword: Hoary Bat
      Theme_Keyword: House Mouse
      Theme_Keyword: Indiana Bat
      Theme_Keyword: Jamaican Fruit-eating Bat
      Theme_Keyword: Little Brown Bat
      Theme_Keyword: Least Shrew
      Theme_Keyword: Least Weasel
      Theme_Keyword: Long-tailed Shrew
      Theme_Keyword: Long-tailed Weasel
      Theme_Keyword: Marsh Rabbit
      Theme_Keyword: Meadow Vole
      Theme_Keyword: Mexican Gray Squirrel
      Theme_Keyword: Meadow Jumping Mouse
      Theme_Keyword: Marsh Rice Rat
      Theme_Keyword: Muskrat
      Theme_Keyword: Northern Flying Squirrel
      Theme_Keyword: Nine-banded Armadillo
      Theme_Keyword: Northern Myotis
      Theme_Keyword: Norway Rat
      Theme_Keyword: Northern Raccoon
      Theme_Keyword: Northern River Otter
      Theme_Keyword: Northern Short-tailed Shrew
      Theme_Keyword: Nutria
      Theme_Keyword: Northern Yellow Bat
      Theme_Keyword: Oldfield Mouse
      Theme_Keyword: Prairie Vole
      Theme_Keyword: Puma
      Theme_Keyword: Pygmy Shrew
      Theme_Keyword: Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat
      Theme_Keyword: Red Fox
      Theme_Keyword: Red Squirrel
      Theme_Keyword: Red Wolf
      Theme_Keyword: Round-tailed Muskrat
      Theme_Keyword: Rock Vole
      Theme_Keyword: Southern Bog Lemming
      Theme_Keyword: Seminole Bat
      Theme_Keyword: Southern Flying Squirrel
      Theme_Keyword: Silver-haired Bat
      Theme_Keyword: Sika Deer
      Theme_Keyword: Smoky Shrew
      Theme_Keyword: Snowshoe Hare
      Theme_Keyword: Southeastern Myotis
      Theme_Keyword: Southeastern Shrew
      Theme_Keyword: Southeastern Pocket Gopher
      Theme_Keyword: Southern Red-backed Vole
      Theme_Keyword: Southern Short-tailed Shrew
      Theme_Keyword: Star-nosed Mole
      Theme_Keyword: Striped Skunk
      Theme_Keyword: Swamp Rabbit
      Theme_Keyword: Townsend's Big-eared Bat
      Theme_Keyword: Velvety Free-tailed Bat
      Theme_Keyword: Virginia Opossum
      Theme_Keyword: Water Shrew
      Theme_Keyword: Wagner's Bonneted Bat
      Theme_Keyword: White-tailed Deer
      Theme_Keyword: White-footed Mouse
      Theme_Keyword: Woodland Jumping Mouse
      Theme_Keyword: Woodchuck
      Theme_Keyword: Woodland Vole
      Theme_Keyword: American Alligator
      Theme_Keyword: American Crocodile
      Theme_Keyword: Alabama Map Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Alabama Redbelly Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Alligator Snapping Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Black-knobbed Map Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Black Kingsnake
      Theme_Keyword: Black Pine Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Barbour's Map Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Bog Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Brown Anole
      Theme_Keyword: Broadhead Skink
      Theme_Keyword: Brown Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Black Swamp Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Brown Water Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Common Garter Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Cosmopolitan House Gecko
      Theme_Keyword: Chicken Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Common Map Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Common Musk Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Coachwhip
      Theme_Keyword: Cooter
      Theme_Keyword: Copperhead
      Theme_Keyword: Coal Skink
      Theme_Keyword: Corn Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Cottonmouth
      Theme_Keyword: Diamondback Terrapin
      Theme_Keyword: Diamondback Water Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Kingsnake
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Mud Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Box Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Coral Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Glass Lizard
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Hognose Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Ribbon Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Milk Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Escambia Map Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Spiny Softshell
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Rat Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Florida Box Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Florida Crowned Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Fence/prairie/plateau Lizard
      Theme_Keyword: Florida Green Water Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Five-lined Skink
      Theme_Keyword: Florida Pine Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Florida Softshell
      Theme_Keyword: Flattened Musk Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: False Map Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Florida Red-bellied Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Florida Scrub Lizard
      Theme_Keyword: Florida Worm Lizard
      Theme_Keyword: Gulf Coast Box Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Graham's Crayfish Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Gulf Coast Smooth Softshell
      Theme_Keyword: Gopher Tortoise
      Theme_Keyword: Gulf Coast Spiny Softshell
      Theme_Keyword: Green Anole
      Theme_Keyword: Ground Skink
      Theme_Keyword: Glossy Crayfish Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Green Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Green Water Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Island Glass Lizard
      Theme_Keyword: Eastern Indigo Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Kirtland's Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Leatherback
      Theme_Keyword: Loggerhead Musk Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Loggerhead
      Theme_Keyword: Mediterranean Gecko
      Theme_Keyword: Mimic Glass Lizard
      Theme_Keyword: Midland Smooth Softshell
      Theme_Keyword: Mole Kingsnake
      Theme_Keyword: Mole Skink
      Theme_Keyword: Mud Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Northern Pine Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Northern Painted Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Northern Water Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Ouachita Map Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Pine Woods Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Pascagoula Map Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Prairie Kingsnake
      Theme_Keyword: Plainbelly Water Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Pygmy Rattlesnake
      Theme_Keyword: Queen Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Racer
      Theme_Keyword: Rainbow Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Redbelly Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Reef Gecko
      Theme_Keyword: Rough Earth Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Redbelly Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Rough Green Snake
      Theme_Keyword: River Cooter
      Theme_Keyword: Ringneck Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Red Milk Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Ringed Map Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Rim Rock Crowned Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Razorback Musk Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Sand Skink
      Theme_Keyword: Scarlet Kingsnake
      Theme_Keyword: Striped Crayfish Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Southeastern Crowned Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Smooth Earth Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Southeastern Five-lined Skink
      Theme_Keyword: Slender Glass Lizard
      Theme_Keyword: Smooth Green Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Southern Hognose Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Six-lined Racerunner
      Theme_Keyword: Slider
      Theme_Keyword: Salt Marsh Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Striped Mud Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Snapping Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Speckled Kingsnake
      Theme_Keyword: Spotted Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Scarlet Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Short-tailed Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Southern Water Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Three-toed Box Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Texas Horned Lizard
      Theme_Keyword: Timber Rattlesnake
      Theme_Keyword: Worm Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Wood Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Western Ribbon Snake
      Theme_Keyword: Yellow-blotched Map Turtle
      Theme_Keyword: Plethodon chlorobryonis
      Theme_Keyword: Desmognathus apalachicolae
      Theme_Keyword: Desmognathus ochrophaeus
      Theme_Keyword: Bufo americanus
      Theme_Keyword: Hyla gratiosa
      Theme_Keyword: Pseudacris brimleyi
      Theme_Keyword: Hyla avivoca
      Theme_Keyword: Desmognathus quadramaculatus
      Theme_Keyword: Desmognathus welteri
      Theme_Keyword: Desmognathus orestes
      Theme_Keyword: Plethodon amplus
      Theme_Keyword: Eurycea wilderae
      Theme_Keyword: Rana catesbeiana
      Theme_Keyword: Necturus alabamensis
      Theme_Keyword: Rana virgatipes
      Theme_Keyword: Eurycea lucifuga
      Theme_Keyword: Plethodon cheoah
      Theme_Keyword: Eurycea chamberlaini
      Theme_Keyword: Hyla chrysoscelis
      Theme_Keyword: Plethodon chattahoochee
      Theme_Keyword: Desmognathus carolinensis
      Theme_Keyword: Plethodon kentucki
      Theme_Keyword: Rana areolata
      Theme_Keyword: Osteopilus septentrionalis
      Theme_Keyword: Desmognathus folkertsi
      Theme_Keyword: Desmognathus fuscus
      Theme_Keyword: Eurycea quadridigitata
      Theme_Keyword: Necturus punctatus
      Theme_Keyword: Notophthalmus viridescens
      Theme_Keyword: Scaphiopus holbrookii
      Theme_Keyword: Gastrophryne carolinensis
      Theme_Keyword: Rana okaloosae
      Theme_Keyword: Ambystoma cingulatum
      Theme_Keyword: Hemidactylium scutatum
      Theme_Keyword: Bufo fowleri
      Theme_Keyword: Hyla versicolor
      Theme_Keyword: Haideotriton wallacei
      Theme_Keyword: Bufo valliceps
      Theme_Keyword: Necturus beyeri complex
      Theme_Keyword: Eleutherodactylus planirostris
      Theme_Keyword: Bufo marinus
      Theme_Keyword: Rana capito
      Theme_Keyword: Rana clamitans
      Theme_Keyword: Aneides aeneus
      Theme_Keyword: Siren lacertina
      Theme_Keyword: Hyla cinerea
      Theme_Keyword: Cryptobranchus alleganiensis
      Theme_Keyword: Desmognathus imitator
      Theme_Keyword: Ambystoma jeffersonianum
      Theme_Keyword: Eurycea junaluska
      Theme_Keyword: Siren intermedia
      Theme_Keyword: Pseudacris ocularis
      Theme_Keyword: Eurycea longicauda
      Theme_Keyword: Ambystoma mabeei
      Theme_Keyword: Ambystoma opacum
      Theme_Keyword: Pseudacris brachyphona
      Theme_Keyword: Rana sevosa
      Theme_Keyword: Stereochilus marginatus
      Theme_Keyword: Ambystoma talpoideum
      Theme_Keyword: Plethodon mississippi
      Theme_Keyword: Necturus maculosus
      Theme_Keyword: Pseudotriton montanus
      Theme_Keyword: Acris crepitans
      Theme_Keyword: Pseudobranchus striatus
      Theme_Keyword: Plethodon montanus
      Theme_Keyword: Rana pipiens
      Theme_Keyword: Necturus lewisi
      Theme_Keyword: Eurycea bislineata
      Theme_Keyword: Plethodon dorsalis
      Theme_Keyword: Bufo quercicus
      Theme_Keyword: Pseudacris ornata
      Theme_Keyword: Desmognathus ocoee
      Theme_Keyword: Plethodon ocmulgee
      Theme_Keyword: Amphiuma pholeter
      Theme_Keyword: Hyla andersonii
      Theme_Keyword: Rana grylio
      Theme_Keyword: Rana palustris
      Theme_Keyword: Plethodon petraeus
      Theme_Keyword: Plethodon hubrichti
      Theme_Keyword: Hyla femoralis
      Theme_Keyword: Desmognathus wrighti
      Theme_Keyword: Plethodon richmondi
      Theme_Keyword: Plethodon jordani
      Theme_Keyword: Pseudotriton ruber
      Theme_Keyword: Plethodon cinereus
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  Access_Constraints:
    This data set is not intended for site-specific analyses. Interpretations derived from its use are suited for regional and planning purposes only. These data are not intended to be used at scales larger than 1:100,000. Acknowledgment of Southeast Gap Analysis Project is appreciated.
  Use_Constraints: No access restrictions; public domain.
  Data_Set_Credit:
    Southeast Gap Analysis Project;
    Biodiversity and Spatial Information Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, Steven G. Williams, Matthew J. Rubino;
    Alabama Gap Project, Alabama Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit, Auburn University, Alabama 36839, Amy L. Silvano;
    Natural Resources and Spatial Analysis Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens Georgia 30602, Matthew J. Elliott, Kacy Cook, Stacy Smith.
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Steven G. Williams
        Contact_Organization:
          Biodiversity and Spatial Information Center, Dept. of Biology, NCSU
      Contact_Position: Vertebrate Mapping Coordinator
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 127 David Clark Labs, Dept. of Biology, NCSU
        City: Raleigh
        State_or_Province: NC
        Postal_Code: 27695-7617
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 919-513-7413
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 919-515-4454
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: steve_williams@ncsu.edu
  Security_Information:
    Security_Classification: Unclassified

Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Steven G. Williams
        Contact_Organization:
          Biodiversity and Spatial Information Center, Dept. of Biology, NCSU
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        City: Raleigh
        State_or_Province: NC
        Postal_Code: 27695-7617
        Address: 127 David Clark Labs, Dept. of Biology, NCSU
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 919-513-7413
      Contact_Position: Vertebrate Mapping Coordinator
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 919-515-4454
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: steve_williams@ncsu.edu
  Metadata_Date: 20100401
  Metadata_Extensions:
    Online_Linkage: <http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html>
    Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile

Distribution_Information:
  Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Transfer_Size: 0.000
        Format_Name: ESRI GRID
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name: <http://www.basic.ncsu.edu/segap/DataServer.html>
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Steven G. Williams
        Contact_Organization:
          Biodiversity and Spatial Information Center, Dept. of Biology, NCSU
      Contact_Position: Vertebrate Mapping Coordinator
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 127 David Clark Labs, Dept. of Biology, NCSU
        City: Raleigh
        State_or_Province: NC
        Postal_Code: 27695-7617
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 919-513-7413
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 919-515-4454
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: steve_williams@ncsu.edu
  Distribution_Liability:
    The digital data described by this metadata report were prepared by the Southeast Gap Analysis Project. Neither the States invovled nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any warranty, for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report or media or represent that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference therein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the States. Any views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the States involved. Data on this media may have been derived from federal agencies or from other external sources or from data developed by the agencies involved . In those cases where data has been translated from one format to another or initially developed from map or other sources the agencies involved has made all reasonable efforts to preserve the data quality as originally developed, however no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the agencies involved as to the completeness or accuracy of the data and related materials. The act of distribution does not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the agencies involved in the use of this data, or related materials.

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
  Raster_Object_Information:
    Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell

Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Planar:
      Planar_Coordinate_Information:
        Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
        Planar_Distance_Units: meters
        Coordinate_Representation:
          Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000835
          Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000835
      Map_Projection:
        Map_Projection_Name: Albers Conical Equal Area
        Albers_Conical_Equal_Area:
          Standard_Parallel: 29.500000
          Standard_Parallel: 45.500000
          Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -96.000000
          Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 23.000000
          False_Easting: 0.000000
          False_Northing: 0.000000
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983
      Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: r_SppCode
      Entity_Type_Definition: Predicted Habitat for Species
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: VALUE
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Not present
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Winter Habitat
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Summer Habitat
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Year-round Habitat
      Attribute_Definition: Predicted Seasonal Habitat
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: COUNT

Generated by `mp` version 2.9.14 on Thu Oct 13 16:05:22 2011